# 15 U.S.C. ch. 1 — Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade (Sherman & Clayton Acts, §§ 1–38) URL: https://consilena.com/coverage/laws/ksrc_42bftjnjge1jkzbr - Jurisdiction: United States - Type: Statute - Identifier: /us/usc/t15/ch1 - Current as of: 2 July 1890 - Provisions: 55 - Official text: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title15/chapter1&edition=prelim > The library is a research copy. Check the official source before relying on a provision: the text published there, not the copy in Consilena, is the law. ## Provisions ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26a. — Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel"] - **Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel"] Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel**: — Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel (a) Limitations on the use of credit instruments; sales, resales, and transfers Except as… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 11. — Forfeiture of property in transit"] - **Forfeiture of property in transit"] Forfeiture of property in transit**: — Forfeiture of property in transit Any property owned under any contract or by any combination, or pursuant to any conspiracy, and being the subject thereof… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (a) Filing Except as exempted pursuant to subsection (c), no person shall acquire, directly or indirectly, any… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26b. — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] - **Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball**: — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (a) Major league baseball subject to antitrust laws Subject to subsections (b) through… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–2. — Rights, authorities, and liabilities not affected"] - **Rights, authorities, and liabilities not affected"] Rights, authorities, and liabilities not affected**: — Rights, authorities, and liabilities not affected Nothing in sections 7a to 7a–3 of this title shall be construed to— (1) affect the rights of the Antitrust… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13a. — Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties"] - **Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties"] Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties**: — Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties It shall be unlawful for any person… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13b. — Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus"] - **Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus"] Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus**: — Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus Nothing in this Act shall prevent a cooperative association from returning to its members… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 34. — Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36"] - **Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36"] Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36**: — Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36 For purposes of sections 34 to 36 of this title— (1) the term “local government” means— (A) a city, county… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 6a. — Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations"] - **Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations"] Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations**: — Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations Sections 1 to 7 of this title shall not apply to conduct involving trade or commerce (other than… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15. — Suits by persons injured"] - **Suits by persons injured"] Suits by persons injured**: — Suits by persons injured (a) Amount of recovery; prejudgment interest Except as provided in subsection (b), any person who shall be injured in his business… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 19. — Interlocking directorates and officers"] - **Interlocking directorates and officers"] Interlocking directorates and officers**: — Interlocking directorates and officers (a) (1) No person shall, at the same time, serve as a director or officer in any two corporations (other than banks… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 29. — Appeals"] - **Appeals"] Appeals**: — Appeals (a) Court of appeals; review by Supreme Court Except as otherwise expressly provided by this section, in every civil action brought in any district… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 17. — Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations"] - **Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations"] Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations**: — Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations The labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce. Nothing contained in the antitrust… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 14. — Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor"] - **Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor"] Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor**: — Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, to lease or… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 3. — Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony"] - **Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony"] Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony**: — Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony (a) Every contract, combination in form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 10. — Bringing in additional parties"] - **Bringing in additional parties"] Bringing in additional parties**: — Bringing in additional parties Whenever it shall appear to the court before which any proceeding under section 9 of this title may be pending, that the ends… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 27. — Effect of partial invalidity"] - **Effect of partial invalidity"] Effect of partial invalidity**: — Effect of partial invalidity If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Act shall, for any reason, be adjudged by any court of competent… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 4. — Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure"] - **Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure"] Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure**: — Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction to prevent… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 8. — Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty"] - **Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty"] Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty**: — Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty Every combination, conspiracy, trust, agreement, or contract is declared to be contrary to public… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–1. — Limitation on recovery"] - **Limitation on recovery"] Limitation on recovery**: — Limitation on recovery (a) In general Subject to subsection (d), in any civil action alleging a violation of section 1 or 3 of this title, or alleging a… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–3. — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] - **Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers**: — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (a) Whistleblower protections for employees, contractors, subcontractors, and agents ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13c. — Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions"] - **Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions"] Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions**: — Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions Nothing in the Act approved June 19, 1936 , known as the Robinson-Patman… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 1. — Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty"] - **Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty"] Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty**: — Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15d. — Measurement of damages"] - **Measurement of damages"] Measurement of damages**: — Measurement of damages In any action under section 15c(a)(1) of this title , in which there has been a determination that a defendant agreed to fix prices in… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 2. — Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty"] - **Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty"] Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty**: — Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 24. — Liability of directors and agents of corporation"] - **Liability of directors and agents of corporation"] Liability of directors and agents of corporation**: — Liability of directors and agents of corporation Whenever a corporation shall violate any of the penal provisions of the antitrust laws, such violation shall… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 25. — Restraining violations; procedure"] - **Restraining violations; procedure"] Restraining violations; procedure**: — Restraining violations; procedure The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction to prevent and restrain violations of this… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37b. — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] - **Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs**: — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (a) Findings and purposes ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 36. — Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity"] - **Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity"] Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity**: — Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 22. — District in which to sue corporation"] - **District in which to sue corporation"] District in which to sue corporation**: — District in which to sue corporation Any suit, action, or proceeding under the antitrust laws against a corporation may be brought not only in the judicial… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 12. — Definitions; short title"] - **Definitions; short title"] Definitions; short title**: — Definitions; short title (a) “Antitrust laws,” as used herein, includes the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15g. — Definitions"] - **Definitions"] Definitions**: — Definitions For the purposes of sections 15c, 15d, 15e, and 15f of this title: (1) The term “State attorney general” means the chief legal officer of a… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37a. — Definitions"] - **Definitions"] Definitions**: — Definitions For purposes of this section and section 37 of this title : (1) Antitrust laws The term “antitrust laws” has the meaning given it in subsection… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18. — Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another"] - **Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another"] Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another**: — Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another No person engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce shall acquire, directly or indirectly… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15a. — Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest"] - **Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest"] Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest**: — Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest Whenever the United States is hereafter injured in its business or property by reason of… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15h. — Applicability of parens patriae actions"] - **Applicability of parens patriae actions"] Applicability of parens patriae actions**: — Applicability of parens patriae actions Sections 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g of this title shall apply in any State, unless such State provides by law for… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 5. — Bringing in additional parties"] - **Bringing in additional parties"] Bringing in additional parties**: — Bringing in additional parties Whenever it shall appear to the court before which any proceeding under section 4 of this title may be pending, that the ends… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 9. — Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure"] - **Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure"] Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure**: — Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction to prevent… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37. — Immunity from antitrust laws"] - **Immunity from antitrust laws"] Immunity from antitrust laws**: — Immunity from antitrust laws (a) Inapplicability of antitrust laws Except as provided in subsection (d), the antitrust laws, and any State law similar to any… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15b. — Limitation of actions"] - **Limitation of actions"] Limitation of actions**: — Limitation of actions Any action to enforce any cause of action under section 15, 15a, or 15c of this title shall be forever barred unless commenced within… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments (a) Prima facie evidence; collateral estoppel A final judgment or decree heretofore or hereafter rendered in any civil or criminal proceeding… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 6. — Forfeiture of property in transit"] - **Forfeiture of property in transit"] Forfeiture of property in transit**: — Forfeiture of property in transit Any property owned under any contract or by any combination, or pursuant to any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof)… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 23. — Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses"] - **Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses"] Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses**: — Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses In any suit, action, or proceeding brought by or on behalf of the United States subpoenas for witnesses who… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15c. — Actions by State attorneys general"] - **Actions by State attorneys general"] Actions by State attorneys general**: — Actions by State attorneys general (a) Parens patriae; monetary relief; damages; prejudgment interest (1) Any attorney general of a State may bring a civil… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18b. — Mergers involving foreign government subsidies"] - **Mergers involving foreign government subsidies"] Mergers involving foreign government subsidies**: — Mergers involving foreign government subsidies (a) Definition In this section, the term “foreign entity of concern” has the meaning given the term in section… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a. — Definitions"] - **Definitions"] Definitions**: — Definitions In sections 7a to 7a–3 of this title: (1) Antitrust Division The term “Antitrust Division” means the United States Department of Justice… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 35. — Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity"] - **Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity"] Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity**: — Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity (a) Prohibition… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26. — Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs"] - **Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs"] Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs**: — Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs Any person, firm, corporation, or association shall be entitled to sue for and have injunctive… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13. — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] - **Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] Discrimination in price, services, or facilities**: — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities (a) Price; selection of customers It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15e. — Distribution of damages"] - **Distribution of damages"] Distribution of damages**: — Distribution of damages Monetary relief recovered in an action under section 15c(a)(1) of this title shall— (1) be distributed in such manner as the district… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21a. — Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations"] - **Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations"] Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations**: — Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations Nothing herein contained shall affect rights of action arising… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions (a) Commission, Board, or Secretary authorized to enforce compliance Authority to enforce compliance with sections 13, 14, 18, and 19… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7. — “Person” or “persons” defined"] - **“Person” or “persons” defined"] “Person” or “persons” defined**: — “Person” or “persons” defined The word “person”, or “persons”, wherever used in sections 1 to 7 of this title shall be deemed to include corporations and… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 38. — Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws"] - **Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws"] Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws**: — Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws (a) Whenever used in this section— (1) The term “association” means any association… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15f. — Actions by Attorney General"] - **Actions by Attorney General"] Actions by Attorney General**: — Actions by Attorney General (a) Notification to State attorney general Whenever the Attorney General of the United States has brought an action under the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 19. — Interlocking directorates and officers"] - **Interlocking directorates and officers"] Interlocking directorates and officers**: — Interlocking directorates and officers (1) shall be determined by the capital, surplus and undivided profits, exclusive of dividends declared but not paid to… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (5) of this title to reflect the percentage change in the gross national product for such fiscal year compared to… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15a. — Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest"] - **Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest"] Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest**: — Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest (3) whether the United States or the opposing party, or either party’s representative… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–3. — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] - **Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers**: — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (1) In general No employer may discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, or in any other manner… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15. — Suits by persons injured"] - **Suits by persons injured"] Suits by persons injured**: — Suits by persons injured (3) whether such person or the opposing party, or either party’s representative, engaged in conduct primarily for the purpose of… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–1. — Limitation on recovery"] - **Limitation on recovery"] Limitation on recovery**: — Limitation on recovery (3) (A) in the case of a cooperating individual— (i) making himself or herself available for such interviews, depositions, or… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15c. — Actions by State attorneys general"] - **Actions by State attorneys general"] Actions by State attorneys general**: — Actions by State attorneys general (1) of this subsection, and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorney’s fee. The court may award under this… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37b. — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] - **Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs**: — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (1) Findings Congress makes the following findings: (A) For over 50 years… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 3. — Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony"] - **Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony"] Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony**: — Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by both said punishments, in the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18. — Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another"] - **Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another"] Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another**: — Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another any activity affecting commerce from causing the formation of subsidiary corporations for the actual… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13. — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] - **Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] Discrimination in price, services, or facilities**: — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities differences in quantities greater than those so fixed and established: And provided further , That nothing… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21a. — Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations"] - **Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations"] Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations**: — Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations a report in writing in which it shall state its findings as to… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments be filed with such district court and published by the United States in the Federal Register within such sixty-day period. Copies of such proposal… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 12. — Definitions; short title"] - **Definitions; short title"] Definitions; short title**: — Definitions; short title This Act may be cited as the “Clayton Act”. ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26a. — Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel"] - **Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel"] Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel**: — Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel (2) The prohibitions in this section shall not apply to any person who makes available… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37. — Immunity from antitrust laws"] - **Immunity from antitrust laws"] Immunity from antitrust laws**: — Immunity from antitrust laws (2) in any schedule, form, or written document provided by or on behalf of the donee to the donor; shall be conclusively… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions such person to cease and desist from the violation of the law so charged in said complaint. The Attorney General shall have the right… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 29. — Appeals"] - **Appeals"] Appeals**: — Appeals (1) of title 28 . (b) Direct appeals to Supreme Court An appeal from a final judgment pursuant to subsection (a) shall lie directly to the Supreme… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26b. — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] - **Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball**: — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (2) the agreement between organized professional major league baseball teams and the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (1) The waiting period required under subsection (a) shall— (A) begin on the date of the receipt by the Federal… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37b. — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] - **Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs**: — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs match students with their highest preferences from among the available… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13. — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] - **Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] Discrimination in price, services, or facilities**: — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities in the course of such commerce, to pay or grant, or to receive or accept, anything of value as a commission… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–3. — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] - **Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers**: — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers antitrust laws. (2) Limitation on protections Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any covered individual if— (A)… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments (6) a description and evaluation of alternatives to such proposal actually considered by the United States. (c) Publication of summaries in… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18. — Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another"] - **Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another"] Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another**: — Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another or make lawful anything heretofore prohibited or made illegal by the antitrust laws, nor to exempt any… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions such notice and in such manner as it shall deem proper, modify or set aside, in whole or in part, any report or any order made or… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15c. — Actions by State attorneys general"] - **Actions by State attorneys general"] Actions by State attorneys general**: — Actions by State attorneys general (1) of this section, the State attorney general shall, at such times, in such manner, and with such content as the court… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–1. — Limitation on recovery"] - **Limitation on recovery"] Limitation on recovery**: — Limitation on recovery (2) of subsection (b) that was prohibited by the expired or terminated stay or protective order, or the expired or terminated portion… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26b. — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] - **Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball**: — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (2) a person who was a party to a major league player’s contract or playing baseball at… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments (2) such shortening is not adverse to the public interest. At the close of the period during which such comments may be received, the United States… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 13. — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] - **Discrimination in price, services, or facilities"] Discrimination in price, services, or facilities**: — Discrimination in price, services, or facilities the furnishing of, any services or facilities connected with the processing, handling, sale, or offering for… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions order, a written petition praying that the order of the commission, board, or Secretary be set aside. A copy of such petition shall be… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–3. — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] - **Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers**: — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (1) In general A covered individual who alleges discharge or other discrimination by any employer in violation… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 15c. — Actions by State attorneys general"] - **Actions by State attorneys general"] Actions by State attorneys general**: — Actions by State attorneys general (2) the court may, in its discretion, award a reasonable attorney’s fee to a prevailing defendant upon a finding that the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37b. — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] - **Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs**: — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Antitrust laws The term “antitrust… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (3) As used in this section— (A) The term “voting securities” means any securities which at present or upon… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26b. — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] - **Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball**: — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (1) As used in this section, “person” means any entity, including an individual… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (7) transactions which require agency approval under section 1467a(e) of title 12 , section 1828(c) of title 12… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 26b. — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] - **Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball"] Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball**: — Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (5) The scope of the conduct, acts, practices, or agreements covered by subsection (b)… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 37b. — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] - **Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs"] Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs**: — Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (2) Confirmation of antitrust status It shall not be unlawful under the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 7a–3. — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] - **Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers"] Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers**: — Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (1)(A) shall be filed with the Secretary of Labor not later than 180 days after the date on which the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments (2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the court to conduct an evidentiary hearing or to require the court to permit anyone to… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions be taken before the commission, board, or Secretary, and to be adduced upon the hearing in such manner and upon such terms and… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments (5) take such other action in the public interest as the court may deem appropriate. (g) Filing of written or oral communications with the district… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (11) acquisitions, solely for the purpose of investment, by any bank, banking association, trust company… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions (1) by delivering a copy thereof to the person to be served, or to a member of the partnership to be served, or to the president… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 16. — Judgments"] - **Judgments"] Judgments**: — Judgments title nor constitute a basis for the introduction of the consent judgment as prima facie evidence against such defendant in any such action or… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (1) of this section, require the submission of additional information or documentary material relevant to the… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions (3) the decision of the court has been affirmed by the Supreme Court then the order of the commission, board, or Secretary rendered in… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (1) of this section, or from any officer, director, partner, agent, or employee of such person. (B) (i) The… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 21. — Enforcement provisions"] - **Enforcement provisions"] Enforcement provisions**: — Enforcement provisions (3) the decision of the court has been affirmed by the Supreme Court, then the order of the commission, board, or Secretary rendered… ### ["Title 15 — COMMERCE AND TRADE", "CHAPTER 1 — MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE", "§ 18a. — Premerger notification and waiting period"] - **Premerger notification and waiting period"] Premerger notification and waiting period**: — Premerger notification and waiting period (2). (f) Preliminary injunctions; hearings If a proceeding is instituted or an action is filed by the Federal Trade… --- Consilena is a software provider, not a law firm. AI output is not legal advice: consult a licensed lawyer in the relevant jurisdiction. Page: https://consilena.com/coverage/laws/ksrc_42bftjnjge1jkzbr. 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