15 U.S.C. ch. 1 — Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade (Sherman & Clayton Acts, §§ 1–38)

Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel

— Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel (a) Limitations on the use of credit instruments; sales, resales, and transfers Except as…

Forfeiture of property in transit

— Forfeiture of property in transit Any property owned under any contract or by any combination, or pursuant to any conspiracy, and being the subject thereof…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (a) Filing Except as exempted pursuant to subsection (c), no person shall acquire, directly or indirectly, any…

Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball

— Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (a) Major league baseball subject to antitrust laws Subject to subsections (b) through…

Rights, authorities, and liabilities not affected

— Rights, authorities, and liabilities not affected Nothing in sections 7a to 7a–3 of this title shall be construed to— (1) affect the rights of the Antitrust…

Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties

— Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties It shall be unlawful for any person…

Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus

— Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus Nothing in this Act shall prevent a cooperative association from returning to its members…

Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36

— Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36 For purposes of sections 34 to 36 of this title— (1) the term “local government” means— (A) a city, county…

Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations

— Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations Sections 1 to 7 of this title shall not apply to conduct involving trade or commerce (other than…

Suits by persons injured

— Suits by persons injured (a) Amount of recovery; prejudgment interest Except as provided in subsection (b), any person who shall be injured in his business…

Interlocking directorates and officers

— Interlocking directorates and officers (a) (1) No person shall, at the same time, serve as a director or officer in any two corporations (other than banks…

Appeals

— Appeals (a) Court of appeals; review by Supreme Court Except as otherwise expressly provided by this section, in every civil action brought in any district…

Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations

— Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations The labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce. Nothing contained in the antitrust…

Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor

— Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of such commerce, to lease or…

Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony

— Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony (a) Every contract, combination in form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in…

Bringing in additional parties

— Bringing in additional parties Whenever it shall appear to the court before which any proceeding under section 9 of this title may be pending, that the ends…

Effect of partial invalidity

— Effect of partial invalidity If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Act shall, for any reason, be adjudged by any court of competent…

Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure

— Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction to prevent…

Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty

— Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty Every combination, conspiracy, trust, agreement, or contract is declared to be contrary to public…

Limitation on recovery

— Limitation on recovery (a) In general Subject to subsection (d), in any civil action alleging a violation of section 1 or 3 of this title, or alleging a…

Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers

— Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (a) Whistleblower protections for employees, contractors, subcontractors, and agents

Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions

— Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions Nothing in the Act approved June 19, 1936 , known as the Robinson-Patman…

Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty

— Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or…

Measurement of damages

— Measurement of damages In any action under section 15c(a)(1) of this title , in which there has been a determination that a defendant agreed to fix prices in…

Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty

— Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to…

Liability of directors and agents of corporation

— Liability of directors and agents of corporation Whenever a corporation shall violate any of the penal provisions of the antitrust laws, such violation shall…

Restraining violations; procedure

— Restraining violations; procedure The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction to prevent and restrain violations of this…

Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs

— Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (a) Findings and purposes

Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity

— Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee…

District in which to sue corporation

— District in which to sue corporation Any suit, action, or proceeding under the antitrust laws against a corporation may be brought not only in the judicial…

Definitions; short title

— Definitions; short title (a) “Antitrust laws,” as used herein, includes the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints…

Definitions

— Definitions For the purposes of sections 15c, 15d, 15e, and 15f of this title: (1) The term “State attorney general” means the chief legal officer of a…

Definitions

— Definitions For purposes of this section and section 37 of this title : (1) Antitrust laws The term “antitrust laws” has the meaning given it in subsection…

Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another

— Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another No person engaged in commerce or in any activity affecting commerce shall acquire, directly or indirectly…

Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest

— Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest Whenever the United States is hereafter injured in its business or property by reason of…

Applicability of parens patriae actions

— Applicability of parens patriae actions Sections 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g of this title shall apply in any State, unless such State provides by law for…

Bringing in additional parties

— Bringing in additional parties Whenever it shall appear to the court before which any proceeding under section 4 of this title may be pending, that the ends…

Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure

— Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure The several district courts of the United States are invested with jurisdiction to prevent…

Immunity from antitrust laws

— Immunity from antitrust laws (a) Inapplicability of antitrust laws Except as provided in subsection (d), the antitrust laws, and any State law similar to any…

Limitation of actions

— Limitation of actions Any action to enforce any cause of action under section 15, 15a, or 15c of this title shall be forever barred unless commenced within…

Judgments

— Judgments (a) Prima facie evidence; collateral estoppel A final judgment or decree heretofore or hereafter rendered in any civil or criminal proceeding…

Forfeiture of property in transit

— Forfeiture of property in transit Any property owned under any contract or by any combination, or pursuant to any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof)…

Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses

— Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses In any suit, action, or proceeding brought by or on behalf of the United States subpoenas for witnesses who…

Actions by State attorneys general

— Actions by State attorneys general (a) Parens patriae; monetary relief; damages; prejudgment interest (1) Any attorney general of a State may bring a civil…

Mergers involving foreign government subsidies

— Mergers involving foreign government subsidies (a) Definition In this section, the term “foreign entity of concern” has the meaning given the term in section…

Definitions

— Definitions In sections 7a to 7a–3 of this title: (1) Antitrust Division The term “Antitrust Division” means the United States Department of Justice…

Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity

— Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity (a) Prohibition…

Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs

— Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs Any person, firm, corporation, or association shall be entitled to sue for and have injunctive…

Discrimination in price, services, or facilities

— Discrimination in price, services, or facilities (a) Price; selection of customers It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce, in the course of…

Distribution of damages

— Distribution of damages Monetary relief recovered in an action under section 15c(a)(1) of this title shall— (1) be distributed in such manner as the district…

Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations

— Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations Nothing herein contained shall affect rights of action arising…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions (a) Commission, Board, or Secretary authorized to enforce compliance Authority to enforce compliance with sections 13, 14, 18, and 19…

“Person” or “persons” defined

— “Person” or “persons” defined The word “person”, or “persons”, wherever used in sections 1 to 7 of this title shall be deemed to include corporations and…

Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws

— Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws (a) Whenever used in this section— (1) The term “association” means any association…

Actions by Attorney General

— Actions by Attorney General (a) Notification to State attorney general Whenever the Attorney General of the United States has brought an action under the…

Interlocking directorates and officers

— Interlocking directorates and officers (1) shall be determined by the capital, surplus and undivided profits, exclusive of dividends declared but not paid to…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (5) of this title to reflect the percentage change in the gross national product for such fiscal year compared to…

Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest

— Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest (3) whether the United States or the opposing party, or either party’s representative…

Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers

— Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (1) In general No employer may discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, or in any other manner…

Suits by persons injured

— Suits by persons injured (3) whether such person or the opposing party, or either party’s representative, engaged in conduct primarily for the purpose of…

Limitation on recovery

— Limitation on recovery (3) (A) in the case of a cooperating individual— (i) making himself or herself available for such interviews, depositions, or…

Actions by State attorneys general

— Actions by State attorneys general (1) of this subsection, and the cost of suit, including a reasonable attorney’s fee. The court may award under this…

Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs

— Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (1) Findings Congress makes the following findings: (A) For over 50 years…

Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony

— Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by both said punishments, in the…

Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another

— Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another any activity affecting commerce from causing the formation of subsidiary corporations for the actual…

Discrimination in price, services, or facilities

— Discrimination in price, services, or facilities differences in quantities greater than those so fixed and established: And provided further , That nothing…

Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations

— Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations a report in writing in which it shall state its findings as to…

Judgments

— Judgments be filed with such district court and published by the United States in the Federal Register within such sixty-day period. Copies of such proposal…

Definitions; short title

— Definitions; short title This Act may be cited as the “Clayton Act”.

Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel

— Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel (2) The prohibitions in this section shall not apply to any person who makes available…

Immunity from antitrust laws

— Immunity from antitrust laws (2) in any schedule, form, or written document provided by or on behalf of the donee to the donor; shall be conclusively…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions such person to cease and desist from the violation of the law so charged in said complaint. The Attorney General shall have the right…

Appeals

— Appeals (1) of title 28 . (b) Direct appeals to Supreme Court An appeal from a final judgment pursuant to subsection (a) shall lie directly to the Supreme…

Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball

— Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (2) the agreement between organized professional major league baseball teams and the…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (1) The waiting period required under subsection (a) shall— (A) begin on the date of the receipt by the Federal…

Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs

— Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs match students with their highest preferences from among the available…

Discrimination in price, services, or facilities

— Discrimination in price, services, or facilities in the course of such commerce, to pay or grant, or to receive or accept, anything of value as a commission…

Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers

— Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers antitrust laws. (2) Limitation on protections Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any covered individual if— (A)…

Judgments

— Judgments (6) a description and evaluation of alternatives to such proposal actually considered by the United States. (c) Publication of summaries in…

Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another

— Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another or make lawful anything heretofore prohibited or made illegal by the antitrust laws, nor to exempt any…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions such notice and in such manner as it shall deem proper, modify or set aside, in whole or in part, any report or any order made or…

Actions by State attorneys general

— Actions by State attorneys general (1) of this section, the State attorney general shall, at such times, in such manner, and with such content as the court…

Limitation on recovery

— Limitation on recovery (2) of subsection (b) that was prohibited by the expired or terminated stay or protective order, or the expired or terminated portion…

Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball

— Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (2) a person who was a party to a major league player’s contract or playing baseball at…

Judgments

— Judgments (2) such shortening is not adverse to the public interest. At the close of the period during which such comments may be received, the United States…

Discrimination in price, services, or facilities

— Discrimination in price, services, or facilities the furnishing of, any services or facilities connected with the processing, handling, sale, or offering for…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions order, a written petition praying that the order of the commission, board, or Secretary be set aside. A copy of such petition shall be…

Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers

— Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (1) In general A covered individual who alleges discharge or other discrimination by any employer in violation…

Actions by State attorneys general

— Actions by State attorneys general (2) the court may, in its discretion, award a reasonable attorney’s fee to a prevailing defendant upon a finding that the…

Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs

— Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Antitrust laws The term “antitrust…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (3) As used in this section— (A) The term “voting securities” means any securities which at present or upon…

Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball

— Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (1) As used in this section, “person” means any entity, including an individual…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (7) transactions which require agency approval under section 1467a(e) of title 12 , section 1828(c) of title 12…

Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball

— Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball (5) The scope of the conduct, acts, practices, or agreements covered by subsection (b)…

Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs

— Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs (2) Confirmation of antitrust status It shall not be unlawful under the…

Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers

— Anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers (1)(A) shall be filed with the Secretary of Labor not later than 180 days after the date on which the…

Judgments

— Judgments (2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the court to conduct an evidentiary hearing or to require the court to permit anyone to…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions be taken before the commission, board, or Secretary, and to be adduced upon the hearing in such manner and upon such terms and…

Judgments

— Judgments (5) take such other action in the public interest as the court may deem appropriate. (g) Filing of written or oral communications with the district…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (11) acquisitions, solely for the purpose of investment, by any bank, banking association, trust company…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions (1) by delivering a copy thereof to the person to be served, or to a member of the partnership to be served, or to the president…

Judgments

— Judgments title nor constitute a basis for the introduction of the consent judgment as prima facie evidence against such defendant in any such action or…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (1) of this section, require the submission of additional information or documentary material relevant to the…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions (3) the decision of the court has been affirmed by the Supreme Court then the order of the commission, board, or Secretary rendered in…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (1) of this section, or from any officer, director, partner, agent, or employee of such person. (B) (i) The…

Enforcement provisions

— Enforcement provisions (3) the decision of the court has been affirmed by the Supreme Court, then the order of the commission, board, or Secretary rendered…

Premerger notification and waiting period

— Premerger notification and waiting period (2). (f) Preliminary injunctions; hearings If a proceeding is instituted or an action is filed by the Federal Trade…